International Scientific Journal Alfraganus
type: channel
description: The international scientific journal "Alfraganus" is officially registered by the Information and Mass Communications Agency under the Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Certificate No. 060125).
publisher: Alfraganus University
language: en
publication name: International Scientific Journal Alfraganus
issn: 2992-8974
items: YOSHLAR TAFAKKUR TARZI VA BUNYODKORLIK FAOLIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISH OMILLARI
items: РАЗВИТИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ В СОВРЕ- МЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ.
items: EDGAR ALLAN POE VA UNING ADABIY USLUBINING ZAMONAVIY AMERIKA ILMIY-FANTASTIK ADABIYOTIGA TAʼSIRI
items: TADBIRKORLIK SUBYEKTLARI FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MEXANIZMLARI: INSTITUTSIONAL, MOLIYAVIY VA TASHKILIY YONDASHUVLAR
items: KIMYO SANOATI KORXONALARIDA INVESTITSION LOYIHALARNI BOSHQARISH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISHDA KLASTER YONDASHUVINI QOʻLLASH
items: SOFT SKILLS (YUMSHOQ KO‘NIKMALAR)NING ZAMONAVIY TA’LIM VA MEHNAT BOZORIDAGI ROLI
items: Влияние «Шахнаме» на воспитание нравственных качеств и национального самосознания.
items: GREEN CAMPUZ ЛОЙИҲАСИДА САЛОҲИЯТНИ ОШИРИШ ВА ЎҚИТИШ (WP4): БАРҚАРОР ОЛИЙ ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШНИНГ КОНЦЕПТУАЛ ВА АМАЛИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
items: TOSHKENT VILOYATIDA SABZAVOTCHILIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI
items: HUDUDIY BIZNESNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING ASOSIY TAMOYILLARI, TASHKILIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI VA JAHON TAJRIBASI
items: THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALLY BOUND VOCABULARY
items: THE REFLECTION OF THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN FREEDOM IN THE VIEWS OF PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA
items: Critical Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Indonesian Higher Education in the Digital Age
items: Association Between Immune Dysfunction and Sepsis Severity in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Analysis
items: LATERITE IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND SUSTAINABILITY
items: TEACHING METHODS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
items: WATER SECURITY OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE DEBATE ON DIVERTING PART OF THE FLOW OF SIBERIAN RIVERS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
items: SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDROTURBINE WITH A CONICAL DRUM
items: KASA IS A PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN UZBEKISTAN
items: Enhancing Kanji Instruction: Obstacles, Methods, and Innovative Approaches in Teaching Japanese Characters
items: Discover Uzbekistan: A Journey into the Heart of the Magic East
items: THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN UNIVERSITIES WITH A NATIONAL LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
items: ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EXPORT ACTIVITY AUDIT
items: APOCALYPSE AND LITERARY PSYCHOLOGISM IN RAY BRADBURYʼS STORY "THE LAST NIGHT OF THE WORLD"
items: SUFI-ETHICAL IDEAS AND EDUCATIONAL (ENLIGHTENMENT) TENDENCIES IN THE WORKS OF SUFI OLLOYOR
items: THE ROLE OF “ART&ENGINEERING” IN INTERIOR DESIGN
items: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
items: THE UZBEKLAR TEKKESI AND TURKISH MUSIC
items: THE CONCEPT OF LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TERM IN MODERN SCIENCE
items: STUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MICROSTRUCTURED POWDERS OF DIAMOND, ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE UNDER PULSE-PERIODIC LASER EXCITATION

YOSHLAR TAFAKKUR TARZI VA BUNYODKORLIK FAOLIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISH OMILLARI
type: item
description: This article analyzes the factors influencing the formation of youth thinking patterns and the development of their constructive activities. Particular attention is paid to the role of family environment, education system, social relations, spiritual and moral upbringing, information and communication technologies, and personal motivation. The study also highlights the importance of developing creative and critical thinking skills, fostering active citizenship, and supporting innovative initiatives among young people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: youth
  topic: keywords
subject: mindset
  topic: keywords
subject: constructive activity
  topic: keywords
subject: creative thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: moral education
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: social environment
  topic: keywords
subject: motivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Masharipova Gularam Kamilovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 22
ending page: 27

РАЗВИТИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ В СОВРЕ- МЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ.
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the development of a competency-based approach in teaching Uzbek language in general education schools. It examines modern methods for developing students’ language competence, integrating practical skills into the learning process, using interactive technologies, and interdisciplinary connections. Special attention is given to reading comprehension, oral and written speech, as well as critical and creative thinking skills. Pedagogical research emphasizes the importance of systematic assessment to determine students’ actual knowledge and skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: competency-based approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbek language
  topic: keywords
subject: language competence
  topic: keywords
subject: interactive methods
  topic: keywords
subject: language education
  topic: keywords
subject: assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: critical thinking
  topic: keywords
creator: Умарбекова Гульнора Анварбековна
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 67
ending page: 72

EDGAR ALLAN POE VA UNING ADABIY USLUBINING ZAMONAVIY AMERIKA ILMIY-FANTASTIK ADABIYOTIGA TAʼSIRI
type: item
description: This article analyzes the role and systemic influence of Edgar Allan Poeʼs (1809–1849) literary heritage on the formation and development of modern American science fiction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to explore the roots of the genre and understand how Poeʼs stylistic elements continue to hold conceptual significance for contemporary literature. The research employs a comparative-historical analysis method. Poeʼs Gothic elements, psychological realism, and innovative narrative techniques are studied in comparison with the works of subsequent authors, including Jules Verne, H.G. Wells, Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, and William Gibson. Poeʼs early science fiction works, such as "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" and "Mellonta Tauta," are examined as the theoretical foundations of the genre. The analysis reveals that Poeʼs first-person narration, the "story within a story" structure, and the technique of retrospective plot development have become the narrative foundation of modern science fiction. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the "ratiocinator" type (the character of Auguste Dupin) and the complex anti-hero concept were successfully advanced by Philip K. Dick and cyberpunk authors. The study shows that Poeʼs depiction of technology as an element linked to human destiny and his dystopian satire served as a methodological basis for modern speculative fiction. The findings indicate that Edgar Allan Poe is not only the progenitor of the detective and horror genres but also a primary influential figure and intellectual source for modern American science fiction. His pessimistic narrative and aesthetic theory regarding the "unity of effect" remain highly relevant in the context of 21st-century mass culture and new media, including cinema and video games.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Edgar Allan Poe
  topic: keywords
subject: science fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Gothic literature
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological realism
  topic: keywords
subject: narrative technique
  topic: keywords
subject: American literature
  topic: keywords
subject: detective genre
  topic: keywords
subject: fantastic literature
  topic: keywords
subject: literary influence
  topic: keywords
subject: modernism
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuldoshova Shaxnoza Azimboyevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 56
ending page: 66

TADBIRKORLIK SUBYEKTLARI FAOLIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MEXANIZMLARI: INSTITUTSIONAL, MOLIYAVIY VA TASHKILIY YONDASHUVLAR
type: item
description: This article provides a systematic analysis of the mechanisms for developing the activities of business entities and substantiates ways to improve their classification and enhance their effectiveness. The mechanisms for developing the activities of business entities are classified into three main groups: institutional-legal, financial-economic, and organizational-infrastructural mechanisms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: business entities
  topic: keywords
subject: development mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: financial support
  topic: keywords
subject: business environment
  topic: keywords
subject: industrial cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: lending
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamasoatov Dilshod Ravshanovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 48
ending page: 55

KIMYO SANOATI KORXONALARIDA INVESTITSION LOYIHALARNI BOSHQARISH SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISHDA KLASTER YONDASHUVINI QOʻLLASH
type: item
description: The study examined cluster mechanisms for improving the efficiency of investment project management in Uzbekistanʼs chemical industry enterprises. The stages of chemical industry cluster formation, their impact on investment processes, and modern project management models were analyzed. Preliminary results of the Navoi, Fergana, and Karakalpakstan chemical technoparks were evaluated. A comparative analysis was conducted within the context of international experience - the Chemelot cluster (Netherlands), NEPIC (United Kingdom), and TEDA (China). A comparative assessment of cluster versus traditional approaches was performed based on return on investment indicators, project completion rates, and cost optimization levels. The findings demonstrated that the application of the cluster approach can increase investment efficiency in the chemical industry by 40-65 percent.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: chemical industry
  topic: keywords
subject: cluster approach
  topic: keywords
subject: investment project
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: technopark
  topic: keywords
subject: project management
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabirov Oybek Shavkatbekovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 28
ending page: 47

SOFT SKILLS (YUMSHOQ KO‘NIKMALAR)NING ZAMONAVIY TA’LIM VA MEHNAT BOZORIDAGI ROLI
type: item
description: This article provides a scientific analysis of the role and importance of soft skills in the development of human capital in the 21st century. It substantiates that in the context of globalization and digital transformation, soft skills are a key factor determining an individual’s professional and social effectiveness. The essence of soft skills and the features of their formation in the educational process are examined. Based on international research, their role in the labor market and impact on professional success are justified. The processes of developing soft skills among students and their implementation in practice are also discussed, along with the necessity of transitioning from traditional education to a competency-based approach.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soft skills
  topic: keywords
subject: human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: competency-based approach
  topic: keywords
subject: digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: education system
  topic: keywords
subject: labor market
  topic: keywords
subject: professional competence
  topic: keywords
subject: communication skills
  topic: keywords
subject: teamwork
  topic: keywords
subject: problem-solving
  topic: keywords
subject: professional development
  topic: keywords
subject: educational effectiveness
  topic: keywords
creator: A.Islomov
creator: D.Raxmatullayeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 81
ending page: 88

Влияние «Шахнаме» на воспитание нравственных качеств и национального самосознания.
type: item
description: This article discusses that Abul Qasim Ferdowsi is a great poet who devoted his entire life to perpetuating the Dari Persian language and the history of our ancestors. Shahnama is a rich treasury of high social, political, moral and philosophical thoughts and ideas, which contains the experiences and trials of people, especially the people of Iran, and they manifested themselves in the form of eloquent and sweet words and colorful images. Firdausi urges every person not to give their people, society, country to bad people and always be honest, kind and kind-hearted in their lives. Firdausi always puts youth, patriotism and national independence in the first place. Therefore, his hero victoriously defends the Motherland, defends national independence. The poet is proud, first of all, of the brave and courageous youth of his Motherland, and the concept of the Motherland in his imagination consists not only of the land, cities and villages of the country, but also its people, primarily women, children and relatives. Firdausi considers the spiritual unity of the people necessary for the defense of the Motherland and emphasizes that a patriot and a young man must possess the qualities of courage, courage and freedom, be an intelligent, intelligent, artistic and vigilant person who knows the art of military weapons. According to the author, Firdausi in Shahname described the thoughts of patriotism, youth and wisdom in the images of his favorite heroes Rustam and Siyavush. Thus, in the Shahnameh, wisdom is opposed to war, and the poet mentions that a wise person always strives not for bloodshed, but for peace and goodness. It should be noted that Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh" can be considered one of the first outstanding works of world literature, and the patriotic and youthful thoughts and moral virtues of the thinker have not lost their high significance and are still very useful and beneficial in the formation and education of modern man.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Motherland
  topic: keywords
subject: Shahnameh
  topic: keywords
subject: poet
  topic: keywords
subject: patriotism
  topic: keywords
subject: masculinity
  topic: keywords
subject: moral instruction
  topic: keywords
subject: wisdom
  topic: keywords
subject: man
  topic: keywords
subject: history
  topic: keywords
subject: thinker
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: peace and harmony
  topic: keywords
subject: youth
  topic: keywords
subject: heroism
  topic: keywords
creator: Сафарова Сайлинисо Додиевна
creator: Хайитов Муҳаммадюсуф Сангимуродович
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 7
ending page: 21

GREEN CAMPUZ ЛОЙИҲАСИДА САЛОҲИЯТНИ ОШИРИШ ВА ЎҚИТИШ (WP4): БАРҚАРОР ОЛИЙ ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШНИНГ КОНЦЕПТУАЛ ВА АМАЛИЙ АСОСЛАРИ
type: item
description: This article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of Work Package 4 (WP4) — “Capacity Building and Training” — within the framework of the Erasmus+ CBHE programme under the GreenCamUz project. The study examines the formation of a green campus model in higher education based on the concepts of sustainable development, human capital theory, and the competence-based approach. Furthermore, the significance of training courses, capacity-building activities, pilot projects, and the “Green Campus Ambassador” program is analyzed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: green campus
  topic: keywords
subject: human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental education
  topic: keywords
subject: GreenCamUz
  topic: keywords
subject: Erasmus+
  topic: keywords
subject: competence
  topic: keywords
creator: A.R.Ismailov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 3
ending page: 6

TOSHKENT VILOYATIDA SABZAVOTCHILIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI
type: item
description: This research analyzes regional development trends within the vegetable production sector of Uzbekistan. Taking the Tashkent region as a case study, the institutional-economic model of vegetable cultivation was examined. Based on statistical data, the region's share in total national output and the high performance indicators of agricultural enterprises were analyzed. The results indicate an accelerating transition in the region from traditional methods to an intensive, high-tech, and export-oriented cluster model.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: vegetable production
  topic: keywords
subject: intensive agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: cluster model
  topic: keywords
subject: Tashkent region
  topic: keywords
subject: agroeconomics
  topic: keywords
subject: yield capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: export potential
  topic: keywords
creator: Nodirabegim Egamberdiyeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 73
ending page: 80

HUDUDIY BIZNESNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING ASOSIY TAMOYILLARI, TASHKILIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI VA JAHON TAJRIBASI
type: item
description: Regional business development is based on identifying the region's economic growth points, efficient use of resources, and improving local infrastructure. The scientific basis is provided for the significant expansion of the share of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the economy as a result of economic reforms, state programs, and the introduction of digital technologies implemented in 2017-2024. This article provides a detailed analysis of the institutional foundations of the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its impact on the well-being of the population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Regional economy
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: cluster system
  topic: keywords
subject: organizational and legal framework
  topic: keywords
subject: innovative enterprise
  topic: keywords
subject: state support
  topic: keywords
subject: competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: free economic zones
  topic: keywords
subject: Gross Regional Product (GDP)
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional framework
  topic: keywords
subject: agglomeration effect
  topic: keywords
subject: digital economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Xasanova Xusnoraxon Faxriddinovna
creator: Sharifboyeva Shahriya G’ulomjonovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 89
ending page: 94

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALLY BOUND VOCABULARY
type: item
description: This article is about the role and importance of socially restricted lexicon in society. The article studies the content of socially restricted lexicon and its role in society, that is, it analyzes the definition of socially restricted lexicon and its im- portance for society. Socially restricted lexicon consists of the specific language of certain social groups, which expresses the culture, social status and historical expe- riences of the groups. The role and importance of socially restricted lexicon in society includes such roles and functions as its importance in communication between groups, creating identity and reflecting cultural difference. The article analyzes the importance of lexicon in improving communication between groups, forming identity and reflecting social changes. The article considers the role of lexicon in increasing the effectiveness of communication between groups. This article deeply analyzes the importance and role of socially restricted lexi- con in society from a sociolinguistic, functional and stylistic perspective. The im- portance of slang, jargon and argot units in ensuring social identification, communi- cative efficiency and expressiveness is highlighted through scientific sources. The
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: socially restricted lexicon
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural identity
  topic: keywords
subject: social groups
  topic: keywords
subject: communication
  topic: keywords
subject: society
  topic: keywords
subject: social networks
  topic: keywords
subject: social change
  topic: keywords
creator: Raimova Nafosat Olimovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raimova Nafosat Olimovna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 65
ending page: 70
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/185

THE REFLECTION OF THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN FREEDOM IN THE VIEWS OF PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA
type: item
description: This article analyzes the philosophical views of the Renaissance thinker Giovanni Pico della Mirandola within the framework of Neoplatonism. The work reveals the essence of his doctrine on human freedom, dignity, and the concept of “self-forming nature.” It also examines Pico’s interpretation of the human being as a distinct, responsible, and creative entity in relation to the cosmic hierarchy, as well as the influence of his ideas of “philosophical concord” and renewed Christianity on Renaissance humanism and subsequent philosophical movements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Neoplatonism
  topic: keywords
subject: human freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: human dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophical anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: cosmic hierarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: humanism
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophical concord
  topic: keywords
subject: natural religion
  topic: keywords
creator: Raximdjanova Dilnavoz Sunnat qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raximdjanova Dilnavoz Sunnat qizi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 71
ending page: 75
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/186

Critical Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Indonesian Higher Education in the Digital Age
type: item
description: The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed literacy practices in higher education, requiring a shift from basic digital skills toward Critical Digital Literacy (CDL). This study aims to examine the role of CDL in Indonesian higher education as a framework for integrating academic competence, cultural awareness, and ethical responsibility. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this study analyzes 50 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2025 that focus on digital literacy, critical pedagogy, and higher education contexts. The findings reveal six key domains of CDL integration: critical digital pedagogy, cultural competence, academic literacies, specialized digital literacies, evaluation ap- proaches, and institutional challenges. The study highlights that while CDL offers significant potential to enhance students’ critical thinking and digital citizenship, its implementation in Indonesia faces challenges related to infrastructure gaps, lecturer readiness, and policy support. The study concludes that systematic and sustainable institutional strategies are essential to successfully embed CDL in Indonesian higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: critical digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: digital ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: academic litera- cies
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Eny Syatriana
creator: Hulkar Turdieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eny Syatriana; Hulkar Turdieva (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 3
ending page: 7
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/179

Association Between Immune Dysfunction and Sepsis Severity in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Analysis
type: item
description: Sepsis continues to be one of the major morbidities and mortalities among paediatric patients, especially in children with a primary immunodeficiency (PID). These patients are characterised by high susceptibility to severe infections, atypical clinical manifestations, and high probability of rapid progression of disease due to congenital defects of the immune system. The current research intends to examine clinical and immunological characteristics of sepsis in children with PID in terms of retrospective data analysis of cases treated in the Tashkent City Children's Clinic. A retrospective study was performed through the medical records of children diagnosed with PID and sepsis within a fixed study period. Clinical data and laboratories, immu- nological parameters, causative pathogens, treatment methods and outcomes were assessed. The features of immune dysfunction, such as the defects in humoral and cellular immunity, and their correlation with the progression and severity of sepsis, were singled out. The review showed that children with PID tend to exhibit severe and frequent septic events, late diagnosis, and length of stay.The prevalent ones were the persistent leukopenia or lymphopenia, low levels of immunoglobulins, and the lack of an inflammatory response. Opponent pathogens and Gram-negative bac- teria were often verified as causative agents. Despite the intensive antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the threat of complications and the adverse outcomes were still very great in comparison with immunocompetent children. These results demonstrate the need to undertake early identification of PID in the septic child, timely immuno- logical evaluation, and adopt a personalised treatment plan. Awareness of diagnosis and optimal multidisciplinary care can help improve the prognosis and decrease mor- tality in the susceptible population of such patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sepsis
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary immunodeficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical features
  topic: keywords
subject: Immuno- logical disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Retrospective analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmatillaeva Mamura Shokir qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmatillaeva Mamura Shokir qizi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/183

LATERITE IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND SUSTAINABILITY
type: item
description: Laterite, a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium oxides, has been widely used in construction across tropical regions due to its abundance, workability, and durability. This review consolidates historical, engineering, and modern perspectives on laterite as a building material. Traditional applications include monumental archi- tecture, vernacular housing, and colonial structures, while contemporary uses extend to blocks and bricks, road bases, stabilised earth blocks, and decorative facades. The review examines laterite’s physical and chemical properties, moderate strength, high plasticity, porosity, and oxide-rich composition, which underpin its performance in construction. Stabilisation techniques with lime, cement, and bitumen are dis- cussed as essential for enhancing durability and water resistance. Laterite’s sustain- ability potential is emphasised, as it is locally available, low-carbon, and thermally efficient, aligning with global goals for eco-friendly housing and infrastructure. Chal- lenges such as variability in composition, susceptibility to weathering, and strength limitations are also addressed. Overall, this review highlights laterite’s enduring rele- vance as a construction material, bridging traditional practices with modern sustain- able solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: stabilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: compressed earth soil
  topic: keywords
subject: water absorption
  topic: keywords
subject: compressive strength
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability 1. Introduction In the life of every human race
  topic: keywords
subject: even from ancient times
  topic: keywords
subject: shelter has
  topic: keywords
creator: Odimegwu Temple Chimuanya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Odimegwu Temple Chimuanya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 32
ending page: 64
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/184

TEACHING METHODS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
type: item
description: This study investigates whether interactive teaching approaches are more ef- fective than passive self-directed learning among first-year medical students acquir- ing terminology and concepts related to influenza vaccination. Using an ESL instruc- tional resource titled Flu Vaccines and a prepared learning module, 60 students were divided into an experimental group (n=30) engaged in interactive instruction and a control group (n=30) assigned independent homework-based study. Both groups completed a standardized assessment the following day. The interactive group achieved significantly higher results (85.2% vs. 72.4%, p<0.05), demonstrating improved retention and understanding of influenza vaccination, its risks, and preven- tive measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interactive learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical education
  topic: keywords
subject: Influenza vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical terminology
  topic: keywords
subject: Active pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: Preventive medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Turdieva D.E.
creator: Yusupova N.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Turdieva D.E.; Yusupova N. (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 8
ending page: 12
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/180

WATER SECURITY OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE DEBATE ON DIVERTING PART OF THE FLOW OF SIBERIAN RIVERS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
type: item
description: The article examines the problem of water security in Central Asia in the context of a growing water deficit and the renewed debate over the possible interbasin diversion of part of the flow of Siberian rivers. It analyzes the historical background of this idea, the current state of expert discussions, and the main arguments of the opposing sides. Particular attention is paid to environmental risks associated with a potential reduction in river runoff to the Arctic basin and the transformation of ecosystems in Western Siberia, including the estuarine areas of the Kara Sea and regions of intensive oil extraction. It is shown that with moderate diversion volumes of 5 to 10 km³ per year the impact on global climatic and oceanographic processes is likely to be limited, although local ecosystem consequences require detailed modeling and assessment. The economic section considers modern technological options for water transport, possible reductions in energy and operating costs compared with Soviet-era projects, and the need to account comprehensively for environmental costs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: water security
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Asia
  topic: keywords
subject: Siberian rivers
  topic: keywords
subject: interbasin flow diversion
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental risks
  topic: keywords
subject: Arctic
  topic: keywords
subject: Western Siberia
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: water resources economics
  topic: keywords
creator: А. Насыров
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 А. Насыров (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 63
ending page: 66
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/174

SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDROTURBINE WITH A CONICAL DRUM
type: item
description: The main advantage of a turbine with a conical drum is the ability to forcibly direct the flow of water to the parakeet ends and minimize volumetric losses. The flow of water is compressed in a conical shape towards the end of the drum, and through this, the current in use is completely stable and in the form of a directed Force, creating the torsion movement of the drum. A hydroturbine is a device that converts the mechanical energy of water into the rotational movement of a tur- bine shaft, and there are several important factors that determine the efficiency of using water energy: • water flow rate and pressure, * interaction of water flow with drums and parracks, • low loss in construction, * optimal performance of mechanical switch parts. • The number of recesses that accept the water pressure in the drum.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hydroturbine
  topic: keywords
subject: conical drum
  topic: keywords
subject: torsion moment
  topic: keywords
subject: torsion force
  topic: keywords
subject: current
  topic: keywords
subject: pres- sure
  topic: keywords
creator: Xayitov Zokir Turaboyevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Xayitov Zokir Turaboyevich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 43
ending page: 54
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/172

KASA IS A PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN UZBEKISTAN
type: item
description: Teaching competences take many forms and vary in content depending on the environment and subject area. As a result, English language teachers need to simplify and systematize their teaching competences to a certain extent. This article defines these competences in a broad sense, including teaching, students and learning, language and culture, educational institutions, society, and professional life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: competences
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: identity
  topic: keywords
subject: KASA
  topic: keywords
subject: professional development
  topic: keywords
subject: reflexive skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruzmetova D.A. (PhD).
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ruzmetova D.A. (PhD). (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 67
ending page: 72
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/175

Enhancing Kanji Instruction: Obstacles, Methods, and Innovative Approaches in Teaching Japanese Characters
type: item
description: his article examines innovative methods for teaching kanji, the log- ographic characters of the Japanese writing system. Because of their structural com- plexity and historical roots in Chinese script, kanji pose considerable challenges for both native and non-native learners. Conventional instructional approaches often de- pend on rote memorization, which may hinder long-term retention and practical use. The study further investigates contemporary pedagogical strategies that sup- port more effective kanji acquisition through insights from cognitive science, technol- ogy integration, and context-based learning. Among the approaches discussed are mnemonic systems, gamified learning environments, digital educational tools, and contextualized instruction designed to strengthen learner engagement and under- standing. The analysis also considers how radicals and proper stroke order contrib- ute to improved character recognition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chinese script
  topic: keywords
subject: Japanese writing system
  topic: keywords
subject: kanji dictionary
  topic: keywords
subject: hira- gana
  topic: keywords
subject: contextual learning katakana
  topic: keywords
subject: student engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: radicals
  topic: keywords
subject: stroke order
  topic: keywords
subject: broader contextual framework
  topic: keywords
subject: logographic characters
  topic: keywords
subject: on’yomi
  topic: keywords
subject: kun’yomi
  topic: keywords
subject: proper nouns (nanori)
  topic: keywords
subject: Spaced repetition systems (SRS)
  topic: keywords
subject: morphophonemic variations
  topic: keywords
subject: se- mantic-clustering approach
  topic: keywords
subject: mnemonic techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulekova Linara Ramilevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mulekova Linara Ramilevna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/182

Discover Uzbekistan: A Journey into the Heart of the Magic East
type: item
description: This article presents Uzbekistan as a multidimensional tourism destination where history, spirituality, and living culture converge, focusing on the role of Ziyarah Travel as a mediator of authentic intercultural experience. Drawing on descriptive, cultural, and linguapragmatic perspectives, the study explores how tourism discourse constructs Uzbekistan as the “Magic East” through references to Silk Road heritage [4], Islamic scholarship, and everyday hospitality practices. Special attention is given to the agency’s audience-oriented communication strategies, particularly its engage- ment with Indonesian travelers through shared religious vocabulary, culturally reso- nant greetings, and value-based framing of travel as spiritual and intellectual enrich- ment. By examining promotional narratives alongside cultural-historical context, the article demonstrates how targeted tourism communication functions not merely as marketing but as intercultural dialogue. The findings highlight that pilgrimage-oriented routes, heritage architecture, and hospitality rituals together shape a meaningful travel experience that transcends sightseeing and fosters cultural empathy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uzbekistan tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: linguapragmatics
  topic: keywords
subject: intercultural communication
  topic: keywords
subject: religious tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Silk Road heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural identity
  topic: keywords
subject: hospitality narratives
  topic: keywords
subject: targeted communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia–Uzbekistan relations
  topic: keywords
subject: pilgrimage tourism
  topic: keywords
creator: Ilham Syah
creator: Turdiev Sanjar
creator: Samigov Boburjon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Syah; Turdiev Sanjar; Samigov Boburjon (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 13
ending page: 16
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/181

THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN UNIVERSITIES WITH A NATIONAL LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
type: item
description: It is very important for today's education system to talk about the role and importance of the Russian language in universities where education is con- ducted in the national language. Although in our country education is provided for by legislation in the state language, that is, in the national language, the Russian lan- guage continues to occupy a special place in the educational process. This is ex- plained by the requirements that have arisen in the field of education, historical and cultural factors, as well as the global nature of the development of science and tech- nology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: Russian language
  topic: keywords
subject: communication
  topic: keywords
subject: science
  topic: keywords
subject: technol- ogy
  topic: keywords
subject: skills
  topic: keywords
subject: resources
  topic: keywords
subject: language
  topic: keywords
subject: cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: scientific research
  topic: keywords
subject: educa- tional programs
  topic: keywords
creator: Хамидходжаева Назира Махкамовна
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Хамидходжаева Назира Махкамовна (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 97
ending page: 101
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/178

ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EXPORT ACTIVITY AUDIT
type: item
description: Export-import operations have a significant impact on the financial stability and efficiency of enterprises. This article analyzes the audit of export opera- tions, its methodology, and implementation stages in Uzbekistan. The study covers issues related to the use of specialized audit approaches, internal control systems, documentation, and accurate financial accounting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: audit of export operations
  topic: keywords
subject: internal control
  topic: keywords
subject: financial accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign economic activity
  topic: keywords
subject: risk assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: S.I.Xujamuradova.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S.I.Xujamuradova. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 30
ending page: 35
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/170

APOCALYPSE AND LITERARY PSYCHOLOGISM IN RAY BRADBURYʼS STORY "THE LAST NIGHT OF THE WORLD"
type: item
description: This article presents a psychological and philosophical analysis of Ray Bradburyʼs short story “The Last Night of the World.” The primary aim of the study is to examine the representation of the apocalyptic motif in fantastic literature through the prism of human psychology and to identify the specific features of artistic psychologism in Bradburyʼs prose. The research problem arises from the contrast between the dominant cultural perception of apocalypse as a source of chaos and panic and Bradburyʼs alternative narrative model, which depicts calm acceptance and emotional stability. The methodological framework of the study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines structural and narrative analysis of the literary text with concepts drawn from existential psychology, terror management theory, and narrative psychology. The analysis focuses on three key dimensions: the charactersʼ response to the inevitability of death, the psychological function of everyday routines under existential threat, and the philosophical interpretation of ordinariness as a source of meaning. The results demonstrate that in “The Last Night of the World” the apocalypse is portrayed not as an external catastrophic event but as an internal psychological condition. The absence of panic, preservation of daily rituals, and emotionally balanced interactions between characters function as mechanisms for reducing existential anxiety. Ordinary actions such as conversation, caring for children, and preparing for sleep acquire symbolic significance and serve to maintain psychological continuity and inner harmony. Interpersonal intimacy is shown to be the central protective factor against death-related fear. The study concludes that Bradburyʼs story offers a distinctive model of artistic psychologism in fantastic fiction, in which meaning is generated through simplicity, acceptance, and human connection rather than transcendental or ideological explanations. The narrative challenges conventi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ray Bradbury
  topic: keywords
subject: "The Last Night of the World
  topic: keywords
subject: " science fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: literary psychologism
  topic: keywords
subject: existential psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: apocalyptic motif
  topic: keywords
subject: inevitability of death
  topic: keywords
subject: narrative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological state
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophical interpretation
  topic: keywords
creator: Koʻchimov Ulugʻbek Qoʻchqarovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Koʻchimov Ulugʻbek Qoʻchqarovich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 21
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/168

SUFI-ETHICAL IDEAS AND EDUCATIONAL (ENLIGHTENMENT) TENDENCIES IN THE WORKS OF SUFI OLLOYOR
type: item
description: This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of Sufi Olloyor’s mystical-ethical ideas and educational tendencies. The research examines human spiritual and moral development, inner reflection, ethical norms, and intellectual growth as reflected in his works. The author’s Sufi philosophy and ethical perspec- tives reveal the formation of educational tendencies and their significance in society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sufi Olloyor
  topic: keywords
subject: Sufism
  topic: keywords
subject: ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: enlightenment
  topic: keywords
subject: spiritual education
  topic: keywords
subject: in- ner world
  topic: keywords
subject: human values
  topic: keywords
subject: literary heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: educational tendencies
  topic: keywords
subject: virtue
  topic: keywords
creator: Masharipova Gularam Kamilovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Masharipova Gularam Kamilovna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 6
ending page: 10
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/167

THE ROLE OF “ART&ENGINEERING” IN INTERIOR DESIGN
type: item
description: This article analyzes the fundamental role and significance of the “Art&Engineering” discipline in modern interior design. The author explores the synthesis between the aesthetic principles of art and precise engineering calculations. The paper highlights the impact of parametric design, smart lighting systems, and innovative materials science on shaping interior environments. It substantiates that creating an interior at the level of a work of art is impossible without engineering solutions and emphasizes that the integration of these two fields serves to improve human comfort and quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Art&Engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: STEAM
  topic: keywords
subject: technique
  topic: keywords
subject: art
  topic: keywords
subject: interior design
  topic: keywords
subject: paramet- ric forms
  topic: keywords
subject: concept
  topic: keywords
subject: engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: competence
  topic: keywords
subject: integration
  topic: keywords
subject: functionality
  topic: keywords
subject: aesthetics
  topic: keywords
subject: technological innovations
  topic: keywords
subject: ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: visual imagination
  topic: keywords
subject: artistic expression
  topic: keywords
subject: con- struction materials
  topic: keywords
subject: construction
  topic: keywords
subject: lighting
  topic: keywords
subject: acoustics
  topic: keywords
creator: Haqberdiyev B.R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Haqberdiyev B.R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 83
ending page: 90
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/188

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
type: item
description: In this study, the theoretical and methodological foundations of de- veloping students' healthy lifestyle competencies in the educational process were analyzed. A healthy lifestyle is illuminated as a holistic pedagogical system, its struc- tural components such as historical and spiritual heritage, physical activity culture, rational nutrition, and emotional and volitional stability are substantiated. The study revealed the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and health, spiritual develop- ment, and social adaptation of the individual, and demonstrated the pedagogical pos- sibilities of forming healthy life values in students through sports and physical educa- tion. Also, the socio-pedagogical conditions, methodological approaches, and the so- cializing role of sports activities serving the development of healthy lifestyle compe- tencies in educational institutions have been substantiated. As a result, the theoreti- cal foundations of an integrative pedagogical system that ensures the physical, spir- itual, moral, psychological, and social development of students have been devel- oped.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: healthy lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: healthy lifestyle competencies
  topic: keywords
subject: students' health
  topic: keywords
subject: physical education
  topic: keywords
subject: sports activities
  topic: keywords
subject: spiritual education
  topic: keywords
subject: movement culture
  topic: keywords
subject: rational nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: emotional stability
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogical conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: socialization
  topic: keywords
subject: harmoniously de- veloped personality
  topic: keywords
subject: healthy generation
  topic: keywords
subject: educational process
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogical system
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibraximov Sanjar Urunbayevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ibraximov Sanjar Urunbayevich (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 84
ending page: 96
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/177

THE UZBEKLAR TEKKESI AND TURKISH MUSIC
type: item
description: The term Uzbekler Lodge evokes three principal themes: first, a refuge for pilgrims from Central Asia, particularly Uzbekistan, on their journey to Mecca; second, the Turkish nations War of Independence; and third, its rich cultural and artistic heritage. Fundamentally, this lodge stands as a fortress of two vital values for the nation. During the occupation of Istanbul, it was valiantly defended under the leadershipofitssheikh,AtвEfendi.Thosepreparedtodefendthehomelandwould first find sanctuary in the lodge before traveling to Anatolia, aided by the sheikh and his dervishes, with theirprayers and support.Following theestablishment of theRepublic, SheikhAtвEfendi,recognizedandrespectedbyAtatьrk,preservedthelodgesfunction. Overtime,however,weaponswerereplacedbymusicalinstrumentssuchastheneyand tanbur. The lodge, once a site of turmoil, transformed into a haven of tranquility, dominated by the pleasures of music. Renowned masters of the era, including Kutb-i NвyiSьleyman Erguner,Kutb-iNвyiUlvi Erguner,Udi CahidGцzkan,HafzHulusi Gцkmenli, Hьseyin Sebilci, and Cevdet Soydanses, filled its halls with ney improvisations, Quranic recitations, kasides, hymns, and mevlid verses. After Sheikh AtвEfendi,theleadershippassedtohisbrotherSheikhNecmeddinEfendi,underwhom the lodges spiritual fervorflourished further.The famous Uzbek Pilav prepared by the lodgescook, evketUsta,accompaniedbya ureandtea,becamestaplesofthelodges joyous gatherings. As a hub of music and ebru art, the Uzbekler Lodge reached its zenithduringthetenureofSheikhEdhemEfendiandespeciallybetween1945and1972 under Sheikh Necmeddin Efendi. His passion for ney and music contributed significantly to this vibrant era. Although this unparalleled environment of art and brotherhood has been partially documented in photographs, the lack of modern technologicaltoolsatthetimelimiteditsvisualpreservation.Nevertheless,manyofthe lodges sessions, improvisations, prayers, Quranic recitations ( Kurвn- Kerоm ), hymns (Mevlid-i erоf…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oʻzbeklar takyasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Erguner
  topic: keywords
subject: turk musiqasi
  topic: keywords
subject: diniy maqomlar
  topic: keywords
creator: Süleyman Erguner
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-02-01
publication date: 2025-02-01
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss1/127

THE CONCEPT OF LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TERM IN MODERN SCIENCE
type: item
description: This article analyzes the concept of "linguistic personality" as a cen- tral interdisciplinary term in contemporary humanities. The author examines the con- cept's genesis, beginning with the seminal works of Yu. N. Karaulov and G. I. Bogin, and traces its evolution through the critical reflection of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Particular attention is given to E. V. Ivantsova's methodological approach, which allows for the structuring of modern definitions by generic component, level of generality, and priority area of analysis. The paper substantiates the thesis that the interdisciplinary transformation of the term does not lead to a loss of its scientific significance, but, on the contrary, expands its heuristic potential within the anthropo- centric paradigm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: linguistic personality
  topic: keywords
subject: interdisciplinarity
  topic: keywords
subject: anthropocentrism
  topic: keywords
subject: linguis- tic methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive level
  topic: keywords
subject: linguacultural studies
  topic: keywords
subject: terminological transfor- mation
  topic: keywords
subject: communications
  topic: keywords
creator: Хамракулова Ш. А.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Хамракулова Ш. А. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 76
ending page: 82
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss5/187

STUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MICROSTRUCTURED POWDERS OF DIAMOND, ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE UNDER PULSE-PERIODIC LASER EXCITATION
type: item
description: The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the optical properties of microstructured powders of diamond, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide under the influence of pulsed-periodic laser radiation of nanosecond duration. The mechanisms of Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectrum formation in the studied samples at room temperature were investigated. The dependence of secondary radiation intensity on laser pulse energy density was established. It has been shown that microstructuring significantly affects the local distribution of the electromagnetic field, leading to an increase in nonlinear effects and a change in spectral characteristics. The results obtained can be used in the development of sensor systems, photocatalytic coatings, and functional optical materials.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: diamond
  topic: keywords
subject: zinc oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: titanium dioxide
  topic: keywords
subject: powder
  topic: keywords
subject: spectrum
  topic: keywords
subject: micro- structure
  topic: keywords
subject: laser
  topic: keywords
subject: luminescence
  topic: keywords
subject: Raman scattering
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmatullaev I.A
creator: Bunkin N.F
creator: Hoshimov Q.H
creator: Abdusattorov B.A
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmatullaev I.A; Bunkin N.F; Hoshimov Q.H; Abdusattorov B.A (Authors) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 73
ending page: 83
doi: 10.63294/isja/vol3iss4/176